Nick Read » anus http://www.nickread.co.uk Thu, 22 Oct 2015 13:29:54 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0.1 Haemorrhoids http://www.nickread.co.uk/research/2009/03/haemorrhoids/ http://www.nickread.co.uk/research/2009/03/haemorrhoids/#comments Sun, 01 Mar 2009 08:51:17 +0000 admin http://www.nickread.co.uk/?p=141
  • Anorectal Function The anus is much cleverer than we like to think....
  • Constipation; the thief of time! “Constipation is the thief of time, diarrhoea waits for no...
  • Travelling the world on diarrhoea In the nineteen seventies, any young researcher worth his salt,...
    • ]]>     The anal cushions are composed or erectile tissue similar to that in the penis. This is developed to enormous size in some gibbons and mandrills, where it is a sexual signal, but in man it’s more modest function is to seal the anal canal and prevent seepage. We showed that haemorrhoids are associated with hypertension of the anal cushions probably caused by an imbalance of the autonomic control of the pre and post erectile sphincters. Does anybody know if Viagra causes haemorrhoids?

    1. Gibbons, C.P., Trowbridge, E.A., Bannister, J.J. and Read, N.W. (1986). The role of the anal cushions in maintaining continence. Lancet. Apr 19;1(8486):886-8.
    2. Sun, W.M., Read, N.W., Shorthouse, A.J. (1990) The hypertensive anal cushion as a causse of high anal canal pressures in patients with haemorrhoids. Brit. J. Surg. 77: 458-462.
    3. Sun, W.M., Peck, R.J., Shorthouse, A.J., Read, N.W. (1992) Haemorrhoids are associated not with hypertrophy of the internal anal sphincter but with hypertension of the anal cushions. Br. J. Surg. 79: 592-594

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    2. Constipation; the thief of time! “Constipation is the thief of time, diarrhoea waits for no...
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    ]]>     http://www.nickread.co.uk/research/2009/03/haemorrhoids/feed/ 0     Anorectal Function http://www.nickread.co.uk/research/2009/03/anorectal-function/ http://www.nickread.co.uk/research/2009/03/anorectal-function/#comments Sun, 01 Mar 2009 08:29:59 +0000 admin http://www.nickread.co.uk/?p=131
  • Spinal Injury Once in a while the opportunity arises to study something...
  • Haemorrhoids The anal cushions are composed or erectile tissue similar to...
  • Faecal Incontinence “Harwich for the continent. Sheffield for the incontinent!” With this...
    • ]]>     The anus is much cleverer than we like to think. Or maybe we don’t like to think about it at all, unless it fails or is too up tight. It is, in fact, two sphincters in one, the outer one under conscious control, the inner not. It is exquisitely sensitive, distinguishing accurately between gas, fluid and solid.
    The control of defaecation, so essential for socialization, requires the coordination of colonic propulsion, anorectal sensation and relaxation of internal and external sphincters and the muscles of the pelvic floor.
    Continence is protected by the response of the external sphincter and puborectalis muscles to rectal distension and increases in intra-abdominal pressure.
    Over the course of nearly twenty years, we worked with colleagues in surgery to describe the function of the anal sphincter in health and disease and helped devise and perfect new procedures to treat disorders of anal sphincter mechanism.

    1. Read, N.W. and Bannister, J.J. (1985). Anorectal manometry: Techniques, measurements in healthy subjects and patients with anorectal disease. In: Proctology and the Pelvic Floor. (Eds. M. Henry and M. Swash). Butterworths, Sevenoaks, pp.65-87.
    2. Bannister, J.J., Davison, P., Timms, J.M., Gibbons, C.G., Read, N.W. (1987). Effect of the stool size and consistency on defaecation. Gut 28: 1246-1250.
    3. Bannister, J.J., Gibbons, C., Read, N.W. (1987) Preservation of faecal continence during rises in intra-abdominal pressure. Is there a role for a flap valve in maintaining normal continence. Gut 28: 1242-1245.
    4. Rao, S.S.C., Holdsworth, C.D., Read, N.W., Davison P.A., Bannister J.J. (1987) Anorectal sensitivity and reactivity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 93: 1270-1275.
    5. Read, N.W., Sun, W.M. (1988) Disorders of the anal sphincter. In: Functional Bowel Disease (Ed. W.J. Snape), Plenum Press.
    6. Edwards, C.A., Baxter, J., Brown, S., Bannister, J.J., Read, N.W. (1989) Effect of bile acids on anorectal function in humans. Gut 30: 383-386.
    7. Brown, S., Cann, P.A., Read, N.W. (1990) Effect of coffee on distal colon function. Gut 31: 450-453.
    8. Sun, W.M., Prior, A., Daly, J., Cheam, K., Read, N.W., Grundy, D. (1990) Sensory and motor responses to rectal distension vary according to rate and pattern of balloon inflation. Gastroenterology 99: 1008-1015
    9. Prior, A., Stanley, K., Smith, A.R.B., Read, N.W. (1992) Effect of hysterectomy on anorectal and ureathrovesical physiology. Gut 33: 264-267.
    10. Sun WM. Katsinelos P, Horowitz M, Read NW. (1996) Disturbances in anorectal function in patients with diabetes mellitus and faecal incontinence. Euro. J. Gastro. Hep. 8 (l0): 1007-12.

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    2. Haemorrhoids The anal cushions are composed or erectile tissue similar to...
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